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1 Trinity House
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2 Trinity House High Water Mark
Abbreviation: THWMУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Trinity House High Water Mark
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3 Trinity House Low Water Mark
Abbreviation: TLWMУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Trinity House Low Water Mark
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4 Holmes, Frederic Hale
[br]fl. 1850s–60s[br]British engineer who pioneered the electrical illumination of lighthouses in Great Britain.[br]An important application of the magneto generator was demonstrated by Holmes in 1853 when he showed that it might be used to supply an arc lamp. This had many implications for the future because it presented the possibility of making electric lighting economically successful. In 1856 he patented a machine with six disc armatures on a common axis rotating between seven banks of permanent magnets. The following year Holmes suggested the possible application of his invention to lighthouse illumination and a trial was arranged and observed by Faraday, who was at that time scientific adviser to Trinity House, the corporation entrusted with the care of light-houses in England and Wales. Although the trial was successful and gained the approval of Faraday, the Elder Brethren of Trinity House imposed strict conditions on Holmes's design for machines to be used for a more extensive trial. These included connecting the machine directly to a slow-speed steam engine, but this resulted in a reduced performance. The experiments of Holmes and Faraday were brought to the attention of the French lighthouse authorities and magneto generators manufactured by Société Alliance began to be installed in some lighthouses along the coast of France. After noticing the French commutatorless machines, Holmes produced an alternator of similar type in 1867. Two of these were constructed for a new lighthouse at Souter Point near Newcastle and two were installed in each of the two lighthouses at South Foreland. One of the machines from South Foreland that was in service from 1872 to 1922 is preserved in the Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh. A Holmes generator is also preserved in the Science Museum, London. Holmes obtained a series of patents for generators between 1856 and 1869, with all but the last being of the magneto-electric type.[br]Bibliography7 March 1856, British patent no. 573 (the original patent for Holmes's invention).1863, "On magneto electricity and its application to lighthouse purposes", Journal of the Society of Arts 12:39–43.Further ReadingW.J.King, 1962, in The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century; Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Paper 30, pp. 351–63 (provides a detailed account of Holmes's generators).J.N.Douglas, 1879, "The electric light applied to lighthouse illumination", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 57(3):77–110 (describes trials of Holmes's machines).GW -
5 Маячно-лоцманская ассоциация
British English: Trinity HouseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Маячно-лоцманская ассоциация
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6 Тринити Хаус
General subject: Trinity House (правление маячно-лоцманской корпорации) -
7 Тринити-Хаус
General subject: Trinity House (правление маячно-лоцманской корпорации) -
8 маячно-лоцманская корпорация
Naval: corporation of Trinity HouseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > маячно-лоцманская корпорация
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9 отметка уровня малой воды по правилам Маячно-лоцманской корпорации Тринити-Хаус
British English: Trinity House Low Water MarkУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > отметка уровня малой воды по правилам Маячно-лоцманской корпорации Тринити-Хаус
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10 отметка уровня полной воды по правилам Маячно-лоцманской корпорации Тринити-Хаус
British English: Trinity House High Water MarkУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > отметка уровня полной воды по правилам Маячно-лоцманской корпорации Тринити-Хаус
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11 учреждение в Англии, ведающее ограждением морей
Naval: Trinity House (маячной службой, лоцманами и т.п.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > учреждение в Англии, ведающее ограждением морей
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12 fyrvæsen
lighthouse authority, Lights and Buoys Service;(i Engl) Trinity House. -
13 baliseur
[balizɶr] nom masculin2. [personne] buoy keeper -
14 Meritens, Baron Auguste de
[br]b. 1834d. 1898 Pontoise, France[br]French engineer who improved the design of magneto-electric generators successfully used for lighthouse illumination.[br]Founding the firm of Messrs A. de Meritens of Paris to build magneto-electric generators for electric arc lighting, de Meritens revised the arrangement of the Holmes and Alliance machines. By employing a distributed rotor winding on laminated cores in place of individual bobbins, the wave-form was improved and a continuous output was achieved, as distinct from a series of short-duration pulses. The rotor windings were carried on the periphery of spoked wheels which revolved below the poles of stationary compound permanent magnets. These generators came to prominence in 1880; in France they quickly replaced the Alliance machines in lighthouses, and Trinity House also installed them in Britain. Two examples remained in continuous service at the Lizard lighthouse in Cornwall from 1881 to 1950, and one still survives there as an exhibit. Before being installed, this machine was shown at the Paris Electrical Exhibition of 1881. An electric candle invented by de Meritens was a variation on that of Jablochkoff and he is credited with being the first to suggest the use of a carbon electrode as one pole for electric-arc welding, with the metal to be welded serving as the other pole. Baron de Meritens died tragically in great poverty.[br]BibliographyApril 1878, French patent no. 123,766 (improved magneto-electric generator). 17 September 1878, British patent no. 3,658 (improved magneto-electric generator).Further ReadingEngineering (1878) 28:372 (a description of the original de Meritens machine).J.Hopkinson, 1886–7, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 87(1):243–60 (a report on machines in service).GWBiographical history of technology > Meritens, Baron Auguste de
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15 Babbage, Charles
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 26 December 1791 Walworth, Surrey, Englandd. 18 October 1871 London, England[br]English mathematician who invented the forerunner of the modern computer.[br]Charles Babbage was the son of a banker, Benjamin Babbage, and was a sickly child who had a rather haphazard education at private schools near Exeter and later at Enfield. Even as a child, he was inordinately fond of algebra, which he taught himself. He was conversant with several advanced mathematical texts, so by the time he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1811, he was ahead of his tutors. In his third year he moved to Peterhouse, whence he graduated in 1814, taking his MA in 1817. He first contributed to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1815, and was elected a fellow of that body in 1816. He was one of the founders of the Astronomical Society in 1820 and served in high office in it.While he was still at Cambridge, in 1812, he had the first idea of calculating numerical tables by machinery. This was his first difference engine, which worked on the principle of repeatedly adding a common difference. He built a small model of an engine working on this principle between 1820 and 1822, and in July of the latter year he read an enthusiastically received note about it to the Astronomical Society. The following year he was awarded the Society's first gold medal. He submitted details of his invention to Sir Humphry Davy, President of the Royal Society; the Society reported favourably and the Government became interested, and following a meeting with the Chancellor of the Exchequer Babbage was awarded a grant of £1,500. Work proceeded and was carried on for four years under the direction of Joseph Clement.In 1827 Babbage went abroad for a year on medical advice. There he studied foreign workshops and factories, and in 1832 he published his observations in On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures. While abroad, he received the news that he had been appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University. He held the Chair until 1839, although he neither resided in College nor gave any lectures. For this he was paid between £80 and £90 a year! Differences arose between Babbage and Clement. Manufacture was moved from Clement's works in Lambeth, London, to new, fireproof buildings specially erected by the Government near Babbage's house in Dorset Square, London. Clement made a large claim for compensation and, when it was refused, withdrew his workers as well as all the special tools he had made up for the job. No work was possible for the next fifteen months, during which Babbage conceived the idea of his "analytical engine". He approached the Government with this, but it was not until eight years later, in 1842, that he received the reply that the expense was considered too great for further backing and that the Government was abandoning the project. This was in spite of the demonstration and perfectly satisfactory operation of a small section of the analytical engine at the International Exhibition of 1862. It is said that the demands made on manufacture in the production of his engines had an appreciable influence in improving the standard of machine tools, whilst similar benefits accrued from his development of a system of notation for the movements of machine elements. His opposition to street organ-grinders was a notable eccentricity; he estimated that a quarter of his mental effort was wasted by the effect of noise on his concentration.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1816. Astronomical Society Gold Medal 1823.BibliographyBabbage wrote eighty works, including: 1864, Passages from the Life of a Philosopher.July 1822, Letter to Sir Humphry Davy, PRS, on the Application of Machinery to the purpose of calculating and printing Mathematical Tables.Further Reading1961, Charles Babbage and His Calculating Engines: Selected Writings by Charles Babbage and Others, eds Philip and Emily Morrison, New York: Dover Publications.IMcN -
16 Town, Ithiel
[br]b. 1784 Thompson, Connecticut, USAd. 1844 New Haven, Connecticut, USA[br]American architect and bridge builder.[br]Town studied in Boston, Massachusetts, under Asher Benjamin. His first important work was the Center Church on New Haven Green, and in 1814 he was commissioned to build Trinity Church, also on New Haven Green. He designed many more public buildings in many cities, including the Customs House on Wall Street, New York, and the Indiana State Capitol in Indianapolis. He patented the "Town lattice" for truss bridges in 1820, which established his reputation as a bridge builder; he also built a number of covered bridges. He entered into partnership with Martin E.Thompson in 1827–8 and with Alexander J.Davis in 1829–43. He was a collector of books on architecture and fine arts, using the money from his bridge building to acquire what was said to be the best collection in the country.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFounder, National Academy of Design.Further Reading1975, Webster's American Biographies.IMcN
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